swain

Based on the theories of Krashen's comprehensible input and Swain's output hypothesis, the paper researches into the teacher talk's effect on learner input and output.

本文主要以克拉申的“可理解性语言输入”及斯万的“输出假说”为理论基础探讨了教师话语对语言输入与输出的影响。

From Swain's three functions of output, the equal importance of input and output can be seen.

从Swain的输出三功能可看出输入输出同等重要。

Basing on the former concept, Swain ( 1995) has further identified three functions of output in second language learning: noticing function, hypothesis testing function and metalinguistic function.

Swain在此基础上于1995年进一步提出了输出在二语习得中的三项功能：注意功能、验证假设功能和元语言功能。

Then Canale and Swain developed it further and summarized it in four aspects: grammatical competence, sociolinguistic competence, discourse competence and strategic competence.

进而，卡纳斯和斯温将该理论进一步扩展，并将它概括为语法能力、社会语言能力、语篇能力和策略能力。

Based on Swain's Comprehensible Output, the focus of the research of SLA shifted to study the relationship between negotiated interaction and modified output.

基于Swain的可理解输出理论，二语习得的焦点转向研究协商互动与修正输出之间的关系。

Output Hypothesis was proposed by the Canadian linguist Swain in 1985.

加拿大著名的语言学家Swain在1985年提出了输出假设。

Swain quit, but he later made a comeback , Star.

Swain退出了, 不过最近又复出了.

The present study will, based on Swain 'modified comprehensible output hypothesis, study how the structure of repair sequences affect students' producing modified comprehensible output.

本研究根据Swain的修正后的可理解输出假设理论，将修正片段的结构分析延伸至学生修正后的输出这一话步，以期探明课堂会话中的修正机制如何影响学生的语言输出。

Swain ( 1985) investigated French immersion program in Canada.

Swain（1985）对加拿大的法语沉浸式教学进行了调查。

Conversely, the importance of language output on SLA has been neglected until Swain proposed the Output Hypothesis.

相对而言，语言输出对二语习得的重要影响却被忽略了。直到二十世纪八十年代，语言学家Swain提出了输出假设，语言输出在该领域的重要作用才开始被越来越多的语言学家所接受和认同。

Enlightenment of Swain's Output Hypothesis on the Enhancement of Students' Spoken English Communicative Ability

Swain的可理解输出假设理论对于提高学生英语口语交际能力的启示

Wen Qiufang ( 2008) put forward the Output-driven hypothesis based on the output hypothesis ( Swain, 1985).

文秋芳（2008）在Swain（1985）年提出的输出假设的基础上提出了输出驱动的假设。

Merrill Swain ( 1995) claims that output hypothesis has three functions: ( 1) the noticing/ triggering function;

北美著名学者Merrill Swain在对第二语言习得进行深入研究的基础上提出了语言输出假设的三个功能：（1）关注/诱发功能；

Oh the Earth was made for lovers, for damsel, and hopeless swain, For sighing, and gentle whispering, and unity made of twain.

创造世界是为了恋人，姑娘和痴心的情郎，为了相思，温柔的耳语，合为一体的一双。

Problems in current foreign language teaching in China are presented. According to Swain's theory of output, an effective model is proposed, i. e.

根据当前外语教学中存在的问题，依据Swain的输出假设理论，提出了解决问题的有效办法，即采用了以说促写，以写促学，自主学习法的教学模式。

The Shepherds" Swains shall dance and sing

牧童情郎们将又跳又唱，

The shepherds's swains shall dance and sing,

俊俏的牧人会群起歌舞徘徊

Many applied linguistic researchers have showed great concern to the noticing function of output since Swain puts forward the Output Hypothesis.

Swain所提出的输出假设理论认为，语言输出具有三种功能：注意功能，检验假设功能和元语言学功能。

Occasionally some flame would come in pursuit of her errant swain.

偶尔也有情人追来寻找她行踪飘忽的情郎。

The Comprehensible Output Hypothesis proposed by Swain claims that language output produced by L2 learners will enhance the accuracy and fluency of their language use.

Swain的可理解输出假设表明，二语学习者的语言输出有助于促进他们流利和准确地使用语言。

The earliest account of Swain's existence comes from a Noxian infirmary doctor's notes.

最早有关斯温存在的记录是出自洛克西斯的医生手记.

Thurber mocked up a computerized 3-D drawing of his vision and sent it to Swain and Meyer for approval.

他再根据草图用电脑模拟出了这枚戒指的3D形态送还给作者和剧组确认。

The Output Hypothesis ( Swain, 1985) claims that the activity of producing the target language may trigger noticing on relevant linguistic information in input and facilitate L2 learning.

输出假设（Swain，1985）认为语言产出能促使二语学习者认识到自身中介语的问题，从而引发对输入中相关语言形式的注意，促进语言习得。

When Demacia escalated its presence in the League, Swain was immediately returned to active duty.

当德玛西亚在誓盟的影响力扩大的时候, 斯温立即就被划回了现役.

Since the Output Hypothesis was proposed by Swain ( 1985), more and more researchers have paid attention to the role of output in the SLA.

自从Swain（1985）提出了输出假设，越来越多的研究者开始关注输出在二语习得中的作用了。

The results lent support to Swain's Output Hypothesis from both writing and revising perspectives.

本实验的结果从写作及修改两个角度支持了Swain的输出假设。

This article aims to illustrate the four functions of Swain's input hypothesis and how to ensure their input.

本文旨在阐释Swain输出假设的四项功能及如何确保有效输出。

Many scholars argue against that viewpoint, and Swain is most influential among them.

很多学者反对Krashen这一观点，其中Swain最具有影响力。

This study investigates the writing and revising processes of Chinese EFL learners in light of the Output Hypothesis ( Swain, 1985).

本文试图以Swain（1985）的输出假设为理论框架，探讨中国英语学习者在写作和修改过程中怎样处理语言方面的问题。

The four-act drama Lonely Swain criticizes the inconstant of overseas students.

四幕剧《孤鸿》批评了留学生见异思迁、有违传统道德的行为。