quarks

Yet nestling amid the quarks and transistors and the acids and nanotubes, there is a question.

但是安坐于夸克、电晶体、核酸和纳米管之中, 问题也出现了.

Even though quarks cannot be isolated, physicists determined a way to see the quarks within nucleus.

尽管夸克不能被分离出来, 物理学家们提出了一个可以看见原子和内部的夸克的方法.

This paper studies the correction of electromagnetic vector vertex of quarks due effect of strong interactions.

文章研究了由于强相互作用引起的夸克电磁顶角的修正.

At present nobody understands why these three quarks which are in the proton are bound together

目前还没有人知道质子里面的这三个夸克为什么会结合在一起。

So far, Quantum chromo-dynamics ( QCD) is the most successful theory which describes strong interactions between quarks. In this theory, there are two very important characteristics: asymptotic freedom and color confinement ( or quark confinement).

到目前为止，在夸克层次上能够成功描述夸克间强相互作用理论的是量子色动力学QcD，在这个理论中有两个十分重要的特征：分别是渐近自由与色禁闭。

We shall see later that gluons are essential to the dynamics of the quarks inside the proton.

后面将会看到，胶子对于质子内夸克的动力学机制来说是必需的。

It predicts the existence of at least three families of quarks in nature.

这项发现预言自然界中至少存在3种不同的夸克.

A pair of constituent quarks of colliding hadrons in such processes will be resolved into a bare quark ( or antiquark) and a lot of non-perturbative gluons ( and quark pairs).

对撞强子中的一对组分夸克被分解为裸夸克和一系列非微扰胶子（和夸克对）。

A hypothetical massless, neutral elementary particle believed to mediate the strong interaction that binds quarks together.

胶子假设的无质量的中性基本粒子之一,被认为能传递一种把夸克结合在一起的强大的相互作用力量.

These arise among fast-moving quarks in intense interaction.

这些作用力源于快速运动,剧烈地相互作用的夸克.

The Composite Symmetry of Lepton's and Quarks

轻子和夸克的复合对称性

According to the relationship between the strong interaction force range and strong coupling constant among quarks in a hadron, a brief computational method on the pocket radius of a hadron is given in this paper.

根据夸克间强相互作用力程随强跑动耦合常数的变化关系，给出了强子口袋半径的一种简明的计算方法。

The quarks and gluons indeed break out of confinement and behave collectively, if only fleetingly.

夸克与胶子确实打破牢笼而表现出集体行为, 虽然这种状态转瞬即逝.

Each flavor of quarks comes in three colors.

每种夸克都有三种颜色.

Second, one could imagine quarks together in other combinations, but these other combinations were never seen.

其次, 人们可以认为夸克有其他的组合, 而不是这样的组合.

We constructed an SU ( 9) grand unified preon model which satisfies the complementarity principle between Higgs phase and confining phase. The model ends up with the prediction of four generations of quarks and leptons, and an appropriate hypercolor scale.

本文建立了一个满足在黑格斯相和禁闭相之间的Complementarity原理的SU（9）亚夸克大统一模型，预言了四代夸克和轻子的存在，并且得到了合适的超色标度。

Quantum chromodynamics ( QCD) is a non-Abel gauge theory that describe the strong interaction between quarks and gluons, it is also a basic part of the stan-dard model of particle physics.

量子色动力学（QCD）是描述夸克胶子之间强相互作用的非阿贝尔规范理论，也是粒子物理标准模型中一个基本组成部分。

In a proton, only 1.3 % of its mass comes from the mass of the three quarks.

对于质子, 仅有1.3%的质量是来自于三个夸克的质量.

Neutrino experiments have yielded much of our information on the properties of quarks.

中微子实验已经给了我们许多关于夸克性质的知识.

The strange quark particle that had the property of strangeness . However, three quarks were not enough.

此标准模型包括三个夸克, 上夸克 、 下夸克和奇异夸克.

At present nobody understands why these three quarks which are in the proton are bound together.

目前还没有人知道质子里面的这三个夸克为什么会结合在一起。

Perhaps partons or quarks will be found with this accelerator.

很有可能,用这台加速器就能够找到部分子或夸克.

No they will not, because the amount of antiquarks are really small , not equal with quarks.

不会的, 因为反夸克的数量远少于夸克.

Using this identification, we read off the quantum numbers of the quarks.

照此鉴定, 可以识别出夸克的量子数.

The different kinds of quarks or leptons are known technically as flavors.

夸克和轻子的这些个同种类,从技术上看是有特色的.

We shall see later that gluons are essential to the dynamics the quarks inside the proton.

后面将会看到,胶子对于质子内夸克的动力学机制来说是必需的.

The deuteron ground state mixed with 3~ D_1 state is caused by the tensor potential of one meson exchange between two quarks.

两夸克间的单介子交换张量势的作用，使氘的基态混有3~D1态。

Classical Transport Equation of Quarks Consistent With Quantum Transport Equation

与量子输运方程相一致的夸克经典输运方程